Flynn, Christina K. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3135-7341
Carr, Kevin
Whiteley, Paul
Nirmalkar, Khemlal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-9175
Bellinghiere, Andrew https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5526-911X
Hahn, Juergen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-4203
Liu, Hongbin https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8479-5200
Arici, Halil https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9872-7618
Hewitson, Laura
Devlin, Morgan
Pollard, Elena L.
Pathak, Khyatiben V.
Garcia Mansfield, Krystine
Rosales Torres, Anakaren
Pirrotte, Patrick
Kalb, Daniel B.
Keen, Rebekah
Kenyon, Victoria
Fasano, Alessio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-0261
Krajmalnik-Brown, Rosa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6064-3524
Adams, James B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8683-4062
Kadzielski, Sarah
Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Revised: 26 March 2026
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Competing interests
: JBA, CKF, RKB, JH, PW, and KC have patents and/or pending patents related to the diagnosis of ASD. JBA and RKB are co-founders of Autism Diagnostics LLC. JBA is the founder of Autism Diagnostics Lab Inc. PW and KC are co-owners of Analutos. JBA and RKB are co-founders of Gut-Brain-Axis Therapeutics Inc.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board of Arizona State University (STUDY00008750). Informed consent was obtained from all participants’ parents, as well as participants themselves if the individual was over the age of 7 years.