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Authors
Kielhold, Michelle L.
Jacobs, David S.
Torrado Pacheco, Alejandro
Lefner, Merridee J.
Bogachuk, Alina P.
Lebowitz, Joseph J.
Langdon, Angela J.
Williams, John T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0647-6144
Zweifel, Larry S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-5331
Moghaddam, Bita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-417X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH048404)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH048404)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH048404)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH048404)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH048404)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIA-MH002983)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH048404)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32-AA746834)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (F32-DA060070)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32-DA007262)
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Revised: 6 April 2026
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All animal and other applied procedures were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guidelines and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Oregon Health & Science University (protocol IP00000727).
: N/A study did not involve human subjects.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
