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Authors
Berg, Hannah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8283-0133
Emich, Abigail
Cooper, Samuel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9563-1750
Hunt, Christopher
Webler, Ryan D.
Manbeck, Adrienne B.
Hammell, Abbey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-0998
Burton, Philip C.
Sponheim, Scott R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-0856
Kushner, Matt G.
Kay, Kendrick N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-9155
Lissek, Shmuel
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM121312)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH107382)
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Article History
Received: 18 October 2025
Revised: 1 April 2026
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: All authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: All participants gave written informed consent, and the experiment was approved by the institutional review boards of the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System (IRB #1701M03101, #1610M96641). All procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
