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Authors
Batty, G. David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-5753
Gissler, Mika https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-7525
Mousavi, Seyed Ehsan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-5639
Warrier, Varun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4532-8571
Ford, Tamsin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-4904
Keski-Säntti, Markus https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4717-2104
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Revised: 15 May 2026
Accepted: 16 June 2026
First Online: 13 July 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Study approval was provided by the Ethical committee at the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (§28/2009). This is a cohort study generated from linked administrative data, hence individual study members were not asked to provide consent to participate.
