Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Johnston, Jenessa N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-3179
Jones, Gregory H.
Peng, Shiyong
Yuan, Peixiong
Yavi, Mani
Kadriu, Bashkim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-9451
Henter, Ioline D.
Quintanilla, Brandi
Elkahloun, Abdel
Moaddel, Ruin
Schulmann, Anton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-4969
Akula, Nirmala
Kvarta, Mark D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-1648
McMahon, Francis J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-305X
Zarate, Carlos A. Jr
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002857)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIH z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (NIA z01-AG000297)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Revised: 30 June 2026
Accepted: 15 July 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: Funding for this work was provided by the Intramural Research Program at the National Institute of Mental Health and National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (IRP-NIMH-NIH; ZIAMH002857 and NIA z01-AG000297, conducted under protocol NCT02484456). The contributions of the NIH authors are considered Works of the United States Government. The findings and conclusions presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH or the US Department of Health and Human Services. Dr. Zarate is listed as a co-inventor on a patent for the use of ketamine in major depression and suicidal ideation. Drs. Zarate and Moaddel are listed as co-inventors on a patent for the use of (2 R ,6 R )-hydroxynorketamine, ( S )-dehydronorketamine, and other stereoisomeric dehydroxylated and hydroxylated metabolites of ( R,S )-ketamine in the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain and as co-inventors on a patent application for the use of (2 R ,6 R )-hydroxynorketamine and (2 S ,6 S )-hydroxynorketamine in the treatment of depression, anxiety, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorder. They have assigned their patent rights to the U.S. government but will share a percentage of any royalties that may be received by the government. Dr. Kvarta holds and receives royalties from a patent for the use of negative modulators of GABA receptors containing α5 subunits as rapid-acting antidepressants, with rights assigned to the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Dr. Kadriu is presently employed full-time and holds shares in Bristol Myers Squibb. He was previously employed by Johnson & Johnson and Jazz Pharmaceuticals, where he maintains share ownership. All other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose, financial or otherwise.
