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Authors
Kang, Sunghyuk
Baek, Ji Hyun
Kim, Se Joo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5438-8210
Kang, Jee In https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-7183
Yim, Hyeon Woo
Nam, Chung Mo
Jung, Sun Jae https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5194-7339
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-00553462)
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Article History
Received: 28 December 2025
Revised: 14 July 2026
Accepted: 22 July 2026
First Online: 31 July 2026
Ethics
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures complied with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University (YUIRB-4-2023-1345). Informed consent was waived because the observational study design was based on deidentified data.
Competing interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests related to this study.
