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Authors
Paha, Moritz J. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9732-8074
Mustafa, Arshi
Tat, Lyvin
Richter, Sandy
Bundalian, Linnaeus
Chowdhury, Sworadip
Velluva, Akhil
Jauss, Robin-Tobias
Krohn, Knut https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8110-1273
Schön, Kathleen
Holzer, Max https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-9932
Kirstein, Anna S.
Balasubramanian, Meena
Ballesta-Martínez, María Juliana
Bird, Lynne M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-3747
Bradshaw, Kirsty
Bruel, Ange-Line
Brusco, Alfredo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-7231
Chen, Yanmin
Garde, Aurore https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-0453
Guarducci, Silvia
Gofin, Yoel
Harrison, Rachel E.
Heidlebaugh, Alexis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-1746
Hurst, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9765-9703
Martinez-Agosto, Julian A.
Mester, Jessica L.
Pagnamenta, Alistair T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7334-0602
Pantaleo, Marilena
Paras, Andrea
Peron, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-6548
Pisano, Tiziana
Rabani, Ahna M.
Scala, Marcello https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2194-7239
Shukarova-Angelovska, Elena
Yang, Sui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-8733
Trajkova, Slavica
Umayam, Sheila
Wang, Tianyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-087X
Jamra, Rami Abou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-1399
Lemke, Johannes R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-6610
Kiess, Wieland
Zarbalis, Konstantinos S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-2707
Garten, Antje
Le Duc, Diana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7289-2552
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Revised: 29 July 2026
Accepted: 19 August 2026
First Online: 27 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Authors affiliated with GeneDx [ ] are employees of GeneDx, LLC. Ah MR is currently employed by Natera, Inc.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant local guidelines and regulations. This study was approved and monitored by the ethics committee of the University of Leipzig, Germany (224/16-ek and 402/16-ek). Animal handling protocols were approved by the University of California at Davis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee overseen by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) International accreditation program and in compliance with the ARRIVE [ ] and NIH guidelines [ ]. Institutional ethics approval was not required if testing was part of routine clinical care. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians. Written informed consent for publication of any identifiable images was obtained from all individual participants or their legal guardians.
