Vaughn, Melonie N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-6189
Acheson, Dean T.
Powell, Susan B.
DeWit, Jenna M.
Yurgil, Kate A.
Nievergelt, Caroline M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-8923
Baker, Dewleen
Risbrough, Victoria B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-3820
Zhou, Xianjin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-1571
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH R01NS135620)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Diversity Supplement)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH R01NS135620)
Article History
Received: 16 March 2026
Revised: 19 August 2026
Accepted: 2 September 2026
First Online: 8 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: XZ is the inventor on a provisional patent filing “Therapeutic Autoantibodies (UCSD Ref. No. SD2023–130)” by the University of California San Diego.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Approval for this study was obtained from the institutional review boards of the University of California, San Diego, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Research Service (IRB: H120090 and H180112), and the Naval Health Research Center. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.