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Article History

Received: 8 March 2023

Revised: 23 April 2023

Accepted: 8 May 2023

First Online: 3 June 2023

Competing interests

: J.K. registered patents: Glutamate Modulating Agents in the Treatment of Mental Disorders. US Patent No. 8,778,979 B2 Patent Issue Date: July 15, 2014. US Patent Application No. 15/695,164: Filing Date: 09/05/2017; Intranasal Administration of Ketamine to Treat Depression United States Patent Number: 9592207, Issue date: 3/14/2017. Licensed to Janssen Research & Development. Other interests J.K: Consultant (the Individual Consultant Agreements listed below are less than $5,000 per year): Aptinyx, Inc.; Atai Life Sciences; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals; Biogen, Idec, MA; Biomedisyn Corporation; Bionomics, Limited (Australia); Boehringer Ingelheim International; Cadent Therapeutics, Inc.; Clexio Bioscience, Ltd.; COMPASS Pathways, Limited, United Kingdom; Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Epiodyne, Inc.; EpiVario, Inc.; Greenwich Biosciences, Inc.; Heptares Therapeutics, Limited (UK); Janssen Research & Development; Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.; Perception Neuroscience Holdings, Inc.; Spring Care, Inc.; Sunovion; Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Takeda Industries; Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Board of Directors: Freedom Biosciences, Inc. Stock: Biohaven Pharmaceuticals; Sage Pharmaceuticals.; Spring Care, Inc. Stock Options: Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Medical Sciences; EpiVario, Inc.; RBNC Therapeutics, Inc.; Terran Biosciences, Inc.; Tempero Bio, Inc. Patents and Inventions: Seibyl JP, Krystal JH, Charney DS. Dopamine and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors in treatment of schizophrenia. US Patent #:5,447,948.September 5, 1995; Zarate, C, Charney, DS, Manji, HK, Mathew, Sanjay J, Krystal, JH, Yale University “Methods for Treating Suicidal Ideation”, Patent Application No. 15/379,013 filed on December 14, 2016 by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research; Arias A, Petrakis I, Krystal JH. – Composition and methods to treat addiction. Provisional Use Patent Application no.61/973/961. April 2, 2014. Filed by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research; Chekroud, A., Gueorguieva, R., & Krystal, JH. “Treatment Selection for Major Depressive Disorder” [filing date 3^rd June 2016, USPTO docket number Y0087.70116US00]. Provisional patent submission by Yale University; Gihyun, Yoon, Petrakis I, Krystal JH – Compounds, Compositions and Methods for Treating or Preventing Depression and Other Diseases. U. S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/444,552, filed on January 10, 2017 by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research OCR 7088 US01; Abdallah, C, Krystal, JH, Duman, R, Sanacora, G. Combination Therapy for Treating or Preventing Depression or Other Mood Diseases. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/719,935 filed on August 20, 2018 by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research OCR 7451 US01; John Krystal, Godfrey Pearlson, Stephanie O’Malley, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Gasparini, Baltazar Gomez-Mancilla, Vincent Malaterre. Mavoglurant in treating gambling and gaming disorders. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/125,181filed on December 14, 2020 by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research OCR 8065 US00 NON Federal Research Support: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals provides the drug, Saracatinib, for research related to NIAAA grant “Center for Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism [CTNA-4]; Novartis provides the drug, Mavoglurant, for research related to NIAAA grant “Center for Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism [CTNA-4]; Cerevel provides the drug PF-06412562 for A Translational and Neurocomputational Evaluation of a D1R Partial Agonist for Schizophrenia (1 U01 MH121766-01). Scientific Advisory Board: Biohaven Pharmaceuticals; BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. (Clinical Advisory Board); Cadent Therapeutics, Inc. (Clinical Advisory Board); Cerevel Therapeutics, LLC; EpiVario, Inc.; Eisai, Inc.; Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Lohocla Research Corporation; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; PsychoGenics, Inc.; RBNC Therapeutics, Inc.; Tempero Bio, Inc.; Terran Biosciences, Inc.; Income Greater than $10,000: Editor - Biological Psychiatry. OD is consultant for Madrigal Mental Care. All remaining authors have nothing to disclose. I.H.R receives funding from <i>Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG</i> through Investigator-Initiated Research into “Subtyping PTSD - Precision Psychiatry”.