Chesney, Edward https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-5252
Oliver, Dominic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-3407
Sarma, Ananya
Lamper, Ayşe Doğa
Slimani, Ikram
Lloyd, Millie
Dickens, Alex M.
Welds, Michael
Kråkström, Matilda
Gasparini-Andre, Irma
Orešič, Matej https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-9165
Lawn, Will https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-2724
Babayeva, Natavan
Freeman, Tom P.
Englund, Amir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-209X
Strang, John
McGuire, Philip https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-0532
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR300273)
Article History
Received: 13 April 2025
Revised: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 24 July 2025
Competing interests
: WL has provided consultancy for the clinical research organisation AxialBridge. AE has received speaker’s fees from Jazz/GW, Otsuka, and Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals. JS is a researcher and clinician who has worked with several pharma and tech companies to seek to identify new or improved interventions, but they do not have a relationship to the study and findings reported here. For further info see . All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.