Ertl, Natalie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-1870
Ashraf, Imran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-5790
Azizi, Lisa
Roseman, Leor
Erritzoe, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-6211
Nutt, David J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401
Carhart-Harris, Robin L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-7150
Wall, Matthew B.
Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Revised: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Competing interests
: RCH is a scientific advisor to Entheos Labs, Journey Collab, Otsuka and Mindstate and has received fees or share from these companies. DJN is Chief Research Officer for Awakn Life Sciences and, within the past 2 years, has been a scientific advisor to COMPASS Pathways, Neural therapeutics, Algernon pharmaceuticals and Alvarius. NE and MBW’s primary employer is Perceptive Inc, a contract research organisation which provides services to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. DE has, within the last 2 years, received fees for scientific advisory work from the following (novel psychedelic) companies: Mydecine, Field Trip Health, SmallPharma Ltd, Aya Biosciences, Clerkenwell Health and Mindstate Design Lab and has received an honorarium fee from each of Compass Pathways and Lundbeck for a talk about psychedelic science. Remaining authors have nothing to declare.