Parker, Nadine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-0152
Koch, Elise https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-4470
Shadrin, Alexey A.
Fuhrer, Julian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-5614
Hindley, Guy F. L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-4701
Stinson, Sara E.
Jaholkowski, Piotr
Tesfaye, Markos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3351-701X
Dale, Anders M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6126-2966
Wingo, Thomas S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7679-6282
Wingo, Aliza P.
Frei, Oleksandr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-2625
O’Connell, Kevin S.
Smeland, Olav B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-5215
Andreassen, Ole A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568
Funding for this research was provided by:
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (801133)
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (847776)
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (964874)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01AG076838)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U24DA055330)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (OT2HL161847)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5R01MH124839-02)
Norges Forskningsråd (273291)
Norges Forskningsråd (273446)
Norges Forskningsråd (300309)
Norges Forskningsråd (324252)
Norges Forskningsråd (326813)
Norges Forskningsråd (334920)
Ministry of Health and Care Services | Helse Sør-Øst RHF (grant 2022–073)
EEA Grants (EEA-RO-NO-2018–0573)
EEA Grants (EEA-RO-NO-2018–0535)
Article History
Received: 15 September 2025
Revised: 22 January 2026
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Competing interests
: OAA has received speaker fees from Lundbeck, Janssen, Otsuka, and Sunovion and is a consultant to Cortechs.ai. and Precision Health. AMD is a Founding Director and holds equity in CorTechs Labs, Inc. (DBA Cortechs.ai), Precision Pro, Inc., and Precision Health and Wellness, Inc. Dr. Dale is the President and a Board of Trustees member of the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) and holds an appointment as Professor II at University of Oslo in Norway. OF is a consultant to Precision Health. TSW is a co-founder of revXon, which is disclosed and approved by the University of California, Davis, per its conflict-of-interest policy. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.