Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 December 2025

Revised: 18 March 2026

Accepted: 6 April 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Competing interests

: NAK, RHF, TG, HSK, SB, ER, and JBS are full-time employees of Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., and own stocks or stock options. HSK was previously, during study conduct, employed by WCG Clinical Endpoint Solutions. JSB has been a consultant and/or adviser to Alkermes, Aluco BioSciences, Corcept Therapeutics, Indivior, Lundbeck, and Teva; has received grant support from Alkermes, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb (Karuna Therapeutics), Corcept Therapeutics, Janssen, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., Roche, and Teva; holds stock options from Aluco BioSciences; and has received royalties from American Psychiatric Association Publishing. PDH has received consulting fees or travel reimbursements from Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. He has also received consulting fees or travel reimbursements from Alkermes, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb (Karuna Therapeutics), DSP Pharma, Kynexis, and Minerva Neurosciences. He receives royalties from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS; owned by WCG Clinical Endpoint Solutions and contained in the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery [MCCB]), which was used in this study. He is a founder and the Chief Scientific Officer of i-Function, Inc. and a scientific consultant to EMA Wellness. JTK has received consulting or speaking fees in the past 24 months from, Antheum, Calrivate, Cap Vision, Clearview, ECRI Institute, ExpertConnect, Globaldata, Guidepoint, Marketplus, Medicys, Medscape, MEDACorp, Minds+Assembly, National Association of Managed Care Physicians, Oliver Wyman, Physicians Postgraduate Press, Taylor & Francis/Informa, Tegus and Third Bridge; He has served on the Leal Advisory Board and the Editorial Board for the International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology in the past 24 months. He has conducted clinical research supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, Click Therapeutics, Alkermes, Alto Pharma, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., Taisho, and Boehringer Ingelheim in the past 24 months. He owns a small number of shares of common stock from GSK. RSEK received consulting income from Boehringer Ingelheim, Damona Pharmaceuticals, Gedeon Richter, Kynexis, Merck, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., Novartis, Vandria, and WCG Clinical Endpoint Solutions; and has received royalties from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale, and Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool. MA and VM are full-time employees of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd and own stocks or stock options.