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Authors
Baldi, Samantha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3384-247X
Lin, Christopher
Li, Jing
Frandsen, Summer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-3018
Jones, Emma
Palm, Stephan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8345-5470
Greene, Abigail S.
Taylor, Joseph J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0427
Fox, Michael D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-6399
Siddiqi, Shan H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0967-9289
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH126271)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH121657)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Revised: 3 April 2026
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Competing interests
: JJT has had effort support from Harvard Medical School (Dupont Warren Fellowship Award, Livingston Award), Brain and Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Grant (31081), Sidney R. Baer, Jr. Foundation, Baszucki Brain Research Fund, and the NIH (K23MH129829, R01MH113929). He has no relevant financial disclosures or conflicts of interest. MDF effort is supported by the Nancy Lurie Marks Foundation, the Kaye Family Research Endowment, Baszucki Brain Research Fund, and the NIH (R01MH113929, R21MH126271, R56AG069086, R01MH115949, and R01AG060987). MDF serves as scientific consultant for Magnus Medical, and owns independent intellectual property involving the use of functional connectivity to target TMS. SHS effort is supported by the NIH (grant nos. K23MH121657 and R21MH126271), the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Grant, the Baszucki Brain Research Fund and the Department of Veterans Affairs (grant no. I01CX002293). SHS serves as a consultant for Kaizen Brain Center, Acacia Mental Health, and Magnus Medical. SHS owns stock in BrainsWay Inc (publicly traded) and Magnus Medical (not publicly traded). SHS owns independent intellectual property on the use of brain network mapping to target neuromodulation. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
