Thomas, Sarah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-3973
Gonsalves, Meghan A.
LeBlanc, Gillian
Lorenc, Elizabeth
Metrik, Jane
Frank, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8451-0523
Ryan, Sarah
Olenik, Emily
Brick, Leslie
Spirito, Anthony
Gilman, Jodi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-6694
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (K23DA050911)
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U54GM115677)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM139743)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (5P30GM149405)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (5P30GM149405)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (5P30GM149405)
Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Revised: 1 May 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.