Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 September 2025

Revised: 5 May 2026

Accepted: 14 May 2026

First Online: 30 May 2026

Competing interests

: CK has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. LJ has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. GAA has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. RAG has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. EG has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. AC reports consulting payments from Leal Therapeutics and Merck & Co. for projects unrelated to the present project. KLB has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. BIG has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. BP has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. SAW has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. DLR has no financial disclosures/conflicts to declare. JHK reports the following disclosures: Consultant Note: – The Individual Consultant Agreements listed below are less than $5,000 per year. AbbVie, Inc. Alpha Wave Global. Biogen, Idec, MA. Bionomics, Limited (Australia). BioXcel Therapeutics. Boehringer Ingelheim International. Cerevel Therapeutics, LLC. Clearmind Medicine, Inc. Cybin IRL. EpiVario, Inc. GH Research Ireland, LTD. Janssen Pharmaceutical. Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Leal Therapeutics, Inc. Manifest Technologies. MycoMedica Life Sciences, PBC. Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. Praxis Precision Medicines, Inc. Psylo PTY LTD. Response Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Reunion Neuroscience. Spring Care, Inc. Spruce Biosciences. Takeda Pharmaceuticals, International. Terran Biosciences, Inc. Tetricus, Inc. WebMD/ Medscape, LLC. Scientific Advisory Board. Alkermes, Inc. Biogen, Idec, MA. Biohaven Pharmaceuticals. BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. (Clinical Advisory Board). Cerevel Therapeutics, LLC. Certigo Therapeutics, Inc. Clearmind Medicine, Inc. Coalition for Aligning Science. Delix Therapeutics, Inc. EpiVario, Inc. Freedom Biosciences, Inc. Mindset Admin, LLC (DBA Being Health). MycoMedica Life Sciences, PBC (PMDD Advisory Board). Neumora Therapeutics, Inc. Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Praxis Precision Medicines, Inc. PsychoGenics, Inc. Response Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ReST Therapeutics. Spring Care. Takeda Industries. Terran Biosciences, Inc. Tetricus, Inc. Stock. Biohaven Pharmaceuticals. Spring Care, Inc. Stock Options. Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Medical Sciences. Clearmind Medicine, Inc. Delix Therapeutics, Inc. Draig Therapeutics. EpiVario, Inc. Manifest Technologies. Neumora Therapeutics, Inc. Psylo PTY LTD. ReST Therapeutics. Spring Care. Tempero Bio, Inc. Terran Biosciences, Inc. Tetricus, Inc. Income Greater than $10,000. Editorial Board - Editor - Biological Psychiatry. Freedom Biosciences, Inc. – Science Advisory Board. NON Federal Research Support. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals provides the drug, Saracatinib, for research related to NIAAA grant “Center for Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism [CTNA-4]. Novartis provides the drug, Mavoglurant, for research related to NIAAA grant “Center for Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism [CTNA-5]. Cerevel provides the drug PF-06412562 for A Translational and Neurocomputational Evaluation of a D1R Partial Agonist for Schizophrenia (5 U01 MH121766-03). GFM reports consulting payments from Leal Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., and UCB Pharma for projects unrelated to the present project. GFM serves on the Editorial Board of Neuropsychopharmacology.