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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2024JC-YBQN-0965)
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Revised: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approved it for publication.
: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. Informed consent was obtained from each subject.
