González, Kevin A.
Tarraf, Wassim
Banks, Sarah J.
Bangen, Katherine J.
Pa, Judy
Gallo, Linda C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-5888
Stickel, Ariana M.
Filigrana, Paola
Isasi, Carmen R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-9593
Daviglus, Martha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-8727
Testai, Fernando D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7355-4915
Lamar, Melissa
DeCarli, Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-2693
González, Hector M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4867-7902
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG075758-02)
Article History
Received: 28 October 2024
Revised: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Both HCHS/SOL and SOL-INCA received approval by the University of California, San Diego (IRB #171673) and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (IRB: #20-1900). All individuals provided written informed consent in their preferred language.