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Authors
Palacios, Ana M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-2219
Anderson, Grace
Henschel, Beate
Lee, Alexandra M.
Richardson, Kelli M.
Parker, Chelsie
Dickinson, Stephanie L.
Kersey, Jing X.
Allison, David B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-9399
Foster, Gary D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-0332
Cardel, Michelle I.
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Revised: 23 April 2026
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Competing interests
: Dr. Palacios’ institution, Georgia Southern University, and The Georgia Southern University Foundation; Indiana University, and Indiana University Foundation (the institution of Ms. Dickinson, Ms. Henschel and Ms. Parker) received funds to support this research from WeightWatchers International Inc. Drs. Cardel, Lee, and Foster were employees and/or shareholders at WeightWatchers International Inc at the time the study was conducted. Dr. Lee is an employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly and Company. This work was completed prior to Dr. Lee’s employment at Lilly. Dr. Lee is acting entirely on her own, and this work is not in any manner affiliated with Lilly. Dr. Cardel is an employee and shareholder of Kailera Therapeutics. This work was completed prior to Dr. Cardel’s employment at Kailera Therapeutics. Dr. Cardel is acting entirely on her own, and this work is not in any manner affiliated with Kailera Therapeutics. Dr. David Allison has received personal payments or promises for same from: Amin Talati Wasserman for KSF Acquisition Corp (Glanbia); General Mills; Kaleido Biosciences; Law Offices of Ronald Marron; Novo Nordisk Foundation; Sports Research Corp.; USDA; and Zero Longevity Science (as stock options). Donations to a foundation have been made on his behalf by the Northarvest Bean Growers Association. Dr. Allison’s institution, Indiana University, and the Indiana University Foundation have received funds or donations to support his research or educational activities from: Alliance for Potato Research and Education; American Egg Board; Arnold Ventures; Eli Lilly and Company; Mars, Inc.; National Cattlemen’s Beef Association; National Pork Board; Pfizer, Inc.; Ro; Soleno Therapeutics; USDA; WeightWatchers International Inc.); and numerous other for-profit and non-profit organizations to support the work of the School of Public Health and the university more broadly.
