Yan, Xinyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-9235
Costeira, Ricardo
Al-Hilal, Maryam
Tomlinson, Max
Louca, Panayiotis
Leeming, Emily R.
Menni, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-0571
Sanders, Thomas A. B.
Bell, Jordana T.
Small, Kerrin S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-0005
Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Revised: 29 April 2026
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was carried out under TwinsUK BioBank ethics, approved by North West – Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 19/NW/0187), IRAS ID 258513, and informed written consent was signed by all participants.