Anand, Vivek https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-1733
El-Dana, Fouad
Baran, Natalia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-4798
Borgman, Jenny
Yin, Zheng
Zhao, Hong
Wong, Stephen T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9188-6502
Andreeff, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1144-1958
Battula, V. Lokesh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5415-9058
Article History
Received: 3 November 2024
Revised: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 29 April 2025
First Online: 17 May 2025
Competing interests
: Authors VLB and MA hold US Patent Number US 9846160 B2, titled “Ganglioside GD2 as a marker and target on cancer stem cells.”
: All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from breast cancer patients for the use of tumor tissues, and the study was approved by MD Anderson’s Institutional Review Board (protocol #PA19-0732). All animal experiments were approved by MD Anderson’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol #1972-RN01) and conducted in compliance with applicable state and federal regulations.