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Article History

Received: 24 January 2025

Revised: 14 May 2025

Accepted: 30 May 2025

First Online: 18 June 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare that there are no competing financial, commercial, or professional interest that could influence the performance, interpretation, or reporting of the research presented in this manuscript. All authors have read and approved this declaration of interests, confirming that it accurately reflects their current situation.

: All animals were handled in strict accordance to the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” and the “Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals”, and all animal work was approved by Capital Medical University Ethics Committee. The clinical samples were approved by the department of breast and thyroid surgery at the Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and Hunan Cancer Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their relatives. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.