Takumida, Hiroshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9903-1402
Saito, Akira
Okabe, Yugo
Terasaki, Yasuhiro
Mikami, Yu
Tanaka, Hidenori
Suzuki, Masami
Hamaguchi, Yu
Zeng, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-2438
Hamada, Michiaki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-1034
Suzuki, Hiroshi I.
Kage, Hidenori
Horie, Masafumi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7726-4077
Funding for this research was provided by:
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K07649, 16H06279, 24KJ0546, 22K08277)
Takeda Science Foundation
Article History
Received: 7 November 2024
Revised: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study protocol for obtaining the human lung specimens was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Nippon Medical School (approval no. M-2021-020). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. No identifiable images from participants are included in this article.