Duran, Camille L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-3265
Surve, Chinmay R.
Ye, Xianjun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1136-4040
Chen, Xiaoming
Lin, Yu
Harney, Allison S.
Wang, Yarong
Sharma, Ved P.
Stanley, E. Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2065
Cox, Dianne
McAuliffe, John C.
Entenberg, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-7264
Oktay, Maja H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-3898
Condeelis, John S.
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (CA243350, CA255153, CA257885, CA240646, CA257885)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NIH Office of the Director (OD019961)
Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center Integrated Imaging Program Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research The Evelyn Gruss-Lipper Charitable Foundation The Helen & Irving Spatz Family Foundation
Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center Integrated Imaging Program Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research Evelyn Gruss-Lipper Charitable Foundation The Helen & Irving Spatz Family Foundation
Article History
Received: 7 March 2024
Revised: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 11 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All studies involving mice were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health regulations concerning the care and use of experimental animals. The procedures were approved by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine Institute for Animal Care and Use Committee (Animal Use Protocol #00001079). All human tumor tissue utilized in this study was not obtained specifically for research. It was resected for diagnostic and/ or therapeutic purpose and only discarded material was used. Specifically, we used excess tissue remaining after the Weiler Hospital Anatomic Pathology Department had obtained sufficient samples for diagnostic purposes. As the tissue was not collected specifically for a proposed study and was not associated with any identifiers derived from personal information, according to Subpart A of the Basic Health and Human Services policy for protection of human research subjects’ paragraph 46.102 (f), this work does not represent human subject research. Therefore, this work did not require patient consent and was in accordance with the institutional IRB-approved protocol.