Lei, Kuan Cheok https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-8914
Srinivas, Nalini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6899-0800
Chandra, Mitalee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-7173
Serobyan, Vahan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-8422
Ugurel, Selma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-6704
Hoffmann, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-7869
Kervarrec, Thibault https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-6914
Lui, Weng-Onn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4717-4473
Becker, Jürgen C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-653X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Article History
Received: 26 February 2025
Revised: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Competing interests
: JCB reports grants from Alcedis, Bristol Myers Squibb, HTC Molecular Diagnostics, IQVIA, Merck Serono, and Alcedis; consulting fees from Almirall Hermal, Boehringer Ingelheim, InProTher, Merck Serono, Pfizer, and Sanofi–Regeneron; and honoraria from Amgen, Pfizer, Recordati, Sanofi and Sun Pharma. JCB participated in a data safety monitoring or advisory board from ICON Clinical Research and 4SC. SU declares research support from Bristol Myers Squibb and Merck Serono; speakers and advisory board honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merck Serono, and Novartis; and meeting and travel support from Almirall, Bristol-Myers Squibb, IGEA Clinical Biophysics, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, and Sun Pharma; outside the submitted work. None of the other authors have reported any conflicts or competing interests.