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Authors
Pharo, Heidi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-7091
Vedeld, Hege Marie
Sjurgard, Ingrid Vikan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9553-7824
Pinto, Rita
Lind, Guro Elisabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4643-9345
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Revised: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Competing interests
: GEL has been granted a patent (EP2630261B1/US09797016B2) for biomarkers related to bladder cancer detection. Additionally, GEL and HP are named inventors on a pending PCT patent application (WO/2020/099938) covering biomarkers utilized in the BladMetrix test for bladder cancer detection. GEL and HP are named inventors on a granted patent (US11555222B2) for the 4Plex control, which is mentioned in the present study for standardization of DNA methylation ddPCR results. The 4Plex control has been made freely available to the scientific community. Remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
