Ohno, Akihisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1372-166X
Fujimori, Nao
Matsumoto, Kazuhide
Haji, Shojiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3651-2836
Sugahara, Osamu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4196-209X
Takeno, Ayumu
Yamamoto, Takeo
Suenaga, Akihiko
Kakehashi, Shotaro
Ueda, Takahiro
Murakami, Masatoshi
Teramatsu, Katsuhito
Ueda, Keijiro
Oono, Takamasa
Oda, Yoshinao
Nakayama, Keiichi I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-1529
Ogawa, Yoshihiro
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (GAKF800717)
Daiwa Securities Health Foundation (GAKF800710)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP25K11254)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20K17023)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP23K19514)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP23K15013)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP22H04993)
Article History
Received: 17 January 2025
Revised: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The clinical data, tumor samples, and PDOs from consecutive cases of PDAC were prospectively obtained at Kyushu University Hospital between April 2023 and March 2024. This study followed the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Ethics Committee of Kyushu University Hospital (Approval no. 22121-02 and 22161-01). All participants provided written informed consent.