Lv, Moyang https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1578-2087
Hu, Changjiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9883-9239
Li, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-4034
Zhang, Yuchen
Lu, Cheng
Zhang, Shengwei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-0210
He, Lijiao
Li, Hongwei
Ouyang, Qin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1161-5102
Yang, Shiming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-4795
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Revised: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All animal experiment procedures were approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of the Army Medical University (approval no. AMUWEC20230243). Tissue microarrays were purchased from Shanghai Outdo Biotech Co., Ltd. and approved by the ethics committee of Outdo Bio-tech Co., Ltd (approval no. SHYJS-CP-1707002). Informed consent for the use of the CRC tissue samples and clinical data for publication was obtained by Outdo Bio-tech Co., Ltd.