Wu, Yueguang
Cui, Heyang
Wang, Longlong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-1804
Ding, Ning
Weng, Yongjia
Cheng, Yikun
Bi, Shanshan
Xiao, Heng
Gao, Mingwei
Liu, Huijuan
Song, Qiqin
Zhang, Weimin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3348-9813
Cui, Yongping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5961-4125
Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Revised: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The patient specimens were collected from Shanxi Cancer Hospital, and the approval for the study was granted by the Institutional Review Boards of Shanxi Cancer Hospital (Approval number 2019LL245). All animal experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center (Approval number 2022-1128). No human subjects were involved in this study.