Wang, Yikang
Yuan, Chang https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2239-7383
Liu, Zhichao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-0905
Ma, Ning
Qi, Cong
Yu, Boyao
Jin, Haizhen
Tian, Chenyang
Li, Chunguang https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8520-9525
Li, Zhigang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-5334
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82320108016)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82503450)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82303781)
National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M732314, GZC20231662)
Shanghai Super Postdoctoral Program
Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Revised: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All cancer patient samples were collected with the patients’ written informed consent and approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (KSY25220). Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee of the Shanghai Chest Hospital and were performed following institutional guidelines.