Ma, Lingjun https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2140-4569
Sheng, Xingye
Wang, Lexin
Wan, Xinyu
Chen, Rui
Li, Xuan
Zheng, Ran
Xu, Lu https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3827-5639
Zha, Xiaoming https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-811X
Wang, Jue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7134-3401
Article History
Received: 13 April 2025
Revised: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All BC tissue samples were obtained from the Department of Breast Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The collection of clinical samples was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province Hospital (ethics review number: 2023-SR-977). All participants provided written informed consent prior to sample collection. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing Medical University (ethics review number: IACUC-2309011). All procedures were carried out in accordance with institutional and national ethical guidelines for animal research.