Wang, Guanli
Gao, Xuejie
Zhang, Hui
Hu, Ke
Feng, Qilin
Liu, Yujie
Hu, Chaolu
Guo, Shushan
Yu, Dandan
Chang, Shuaikang
Wu, Xiaosong
Jia, Xinyan
An, Dong
Peng, Yu
Tao, Yi
Cai, Haiyan
Chen, Gege
Zhang, Li
Shi, Jumei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-4559
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170200)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82350101)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270216)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170201)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470204)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82400250)
the New Quality Clinical Specialty Program of High-end Medical Disciplinary Construction in Shanghai Pudong New Area
the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai
Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Revised: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Bone marrow samples were obtained from MM patients and healthy donors after informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai East Hospital (Approval ID: 2024YS-254). All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with institutional and national guidelines for laboratory animal care and use and were approved by the Shanghai East Hospital (Approval ID: TJBB00223101).