Cho, Brandon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-5619
Furlan, Giacomo
Lin, Peter
Shen, Mélissa
Mittal, Kirti
Mazzanti, Andrew
Penn, Linda Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8133-5459
Ramalho-Santos, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-5556
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (526948)
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (181340)
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (156167)
Bank of Montreal Studentship in Medical Research at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Revised: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All animal procedures were approved by the UHN Animal Resources Centre in compliance with the Canadian Council on Animal Care guidelines under the Animal Use Protocol (AUP972.35). No human subjects were involved in this study.