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Article History

Received: 17 September 2025

Revised: 26 January 2026

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 24 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted with human participants/animal subjects and adhered strictly to the ethical standards set by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University’s Ethical Review Board. All procedures involving human participants complied with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee, in alignment with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments, or comparable ethical standards for research involving human subjects. For research involving animal subjects, all procedures conformed to the international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. For animal studies, all necessary measures were taken to minimize pain and discomfort. This study received ethical approval from the Ethical Review Board of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, with the approval number YJSDW2022-277 and YJSKY2022-595.