Wang, Shengjie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0377
Tong, Xin
Sun, Runfeng https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7908-0106
Xia, Xinyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7178-0505
Chen, Donglai https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-4803
Wang, Zhao https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5603-8152
Shi, Hao
Wu, Chenzhuo
Guo, Xiaoxiao
Hu, Die
Jin, Ersuo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-3383
Zhang, Hong-Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-421X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273372)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82203773)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82303450)
Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Revised: 27 February 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Human LUAD tissues were obtained after informed consent was available from all patients. The study protocol was carried out in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Soochow University.