Wang, Fan
Huang, Meng
Sheng, Kaixuan
Yan, Yue
Zhang, Beibei
Wang, Xinlei
Yang, Zhiyi
Li, Mengyi
Liu, Yuping
Qi, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-0713
Sun, Yuejun https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1928-4336
Li, Chenglin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7300-702X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82573391)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82173851)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundatio
Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Health Commission
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211350)
Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Revised: 2 March 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Tissues and clinical data were obtained in accordance with protocols approval by the Medical Ethics Committee of Xuzhou Medical University (Approval No. XYFY2024-KL547-01). PDO models were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University (Approval No. B2021-575R). All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Xuzhou Medical University (Approval No. 202106A244).