Zhang, Han https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-857X
Liu, Teresa T.
Wu, Feixuan
Colah, Avan N.
Ricke, Emily A.
Li, Lingjun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-3869
Putnam, Andrea A.
Ricke, William A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9807-2090
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U54DK104310)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK127081)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK131175)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K12DK100022)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK071801)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA014520)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P50CA269011)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (K01AG059899)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG052324)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG078794)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P41GM108538)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM157010)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Research Resources (S10RR029531)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (S10OD028473)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (S10OD025084)
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Revised: 6 March 2026
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.