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Authors
Wang, Junhua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-8502
Wee, Yinshen
Jacob, Thomas
Rogers, Aaron
Sorensen, Lise. K.
Brooks, Deja M.
Gupta, Prachi
Tay, Joshua K. H. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0626-8662
Wilson, Emily C. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4037-9366
Liu, Tong
Smith, Eric A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-5603
Gopal, YN Vashisht
Davies, Michael A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-0912
McMahon, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-1042
Holmen, Sheri L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6411-6032
Judson-Torres, Robert L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-0553
Wolff, Roger K.
Grossmann, Allie H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-1403
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R37CA230630)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (K08CA188563)
American Cancer Society (133649-RSG-19-019-01-CSM)
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Revised: 23 March 2026
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Competing interests
: MAD has been a consultant to Roche/Genentech, Array, Pfizer, Novartis, BMS, GSK, Sanofi-Aventis, Vaccinex, Apexigen, Eisai, Iovance, Merck, and ABM Therapeutics, and he has been the PI of research grants to MD Anderson by Roche/Genentech, GSK, Sanofi-Aventis, Merck, Myriad, Oncothyreon, Pfizer, ABM Therapeutics, and LEAD Pharma. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: This research included local researchers throughout the research process, is locally relevant and has been determined in collaboration with local partners. Roles and responsibilities were agreed amongst collaborators ahead of the research and with capacity in mind. This research was not severely restricted or prohibited by local stakeholders. This research was approved by a local ethics review committee and complied with animal welfare regulations, environmental protection, and biorisk-related regulations and the local research setting was sufficient to conduct the research described. No stigmatization, incrimination, discrimination, or personal risk to participants or researchers was involved in this research. The researchers and facilities will not benefit monetarily from sharing biological materials, including if transferred out of the country of origin. Local and regional research relevant to this study have been included in citations.
