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Authors
Xing, Huiwu
Ma, Fuqiang
Li, Penghui
Xuan, Mengjuan
Liu, Yingru
Fu, Leiya
Lou, Na
Liu, Yafeng
Zhang, Shujun
Xu, Ziyi
He, Yuting https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1704-3771
Xue, Chen
Gu, Xinyu https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7019-5749
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Revised: 22 March 2026
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study strictly adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki , with ethical approval granted by the Institutional Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Approval No. 2025-KY-0220-002). Written informed consent was obtained from all donors prior to HCC tissue collection. All animal experimental protocols in this study strictly adhered to international ethical guidelines for laboratory animal welfare (ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines) and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zhengzhou University (Approval No.: ZZU-LAC20241115[ ]).
