Droll, Stephenie H.
Dewar, Elena I. O.
Xue, Celia
Levine, Max C.
Zhang, Benny J.
Bao, Xiaomin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5012
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Cancer Society (RSG-21-018-01)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR075015)
Searle Leadership Fund.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (F31CA261114)
Article History
Received: 27 April 2025
Revised: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods involved in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Northwestern University Institutional Review Board (IRB) has determined this study to be NOT human subject research, as only isolated primary human keratinocytes from surgically discarded skin tissues were used in all experiments involved in this study. In particular, pooled keratinocytes from six different de-identified donors were used to perform all the experiments, including next-generation sequencing data generation. It is impossible to link specific information from a particular donor to the data generated from this study. Therefore, no consent is required from the donors.