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Authors
Welten, Alexandra
Bera, Amit
Langlois, Stéphanie
Xiang, Xiao
Gupta, Keshav
Freeman, Emily
Cowan, Kyle N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0109-7716
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Article History
Received: 9 June 2025
Revised: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: After institutional ethics board approval (CHEO Research Ethics Board, protocol CHEOREB #11/148X), archived paraffin-embedded pediatric skeletal muscle and RMS samples were obtained, as secondary use of clinical samples, from the CHEO Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). Experiments were carried out in accordance with the CHEO Ethics Board guidelines and regulations. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were anonymized and all identifying information was removed prior to analysis. The secondary use of samples is consistent with the original consent obtained from all participants. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care Committee at the University of Ottawa and conducted per the Canadian Council of Animal Care guidelines (CHEO-3685 and CHEO-2123).
