Yang, You-En https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1991-4179
Lin, Yu-An
Ling, Lun-Ling https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1017-4230
Kuo, I-Ying
Kuo, Wan-Ting
Liu, Hsuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-2518
Wang, Yi-Ching https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7694-2067
Article History
Received: 27 September 2025
Revised: 27 November 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 14 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experiments using mice were approved by the animal ethics committee of National Cheng Kung University and complied with all relevant ethical guidelines (#112062). All lung cancer samples were conducted in accordance with the requirements of Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital. The use of clinical samples was approved by the institutional review board of the hospital with the ethical number # A-ER-111-517.