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Article History

Received: 29 August 2025

Revised: 13 January 2026

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Conflict of interest

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College (Approval No. I-23PJ352). All procedures were performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The experimental procedures and animal use protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College (No. I-23PJ352).