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Authors
Undi, Ram Babu
Sutton, Michael M.
Becker, Evan
Gordon, Marie
Vesely, Sara K.
Ricketts, Samantha
Velayutham, Rameswari
Tierney, William M.
Houchen, Courtney W.
Ali, Naushad
Huycke, Mark M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-5629
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1R01CA230641)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P30CA225520)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P20GM103639)
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Revised: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center in accordance with the NIH Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (#021-087-CHI). Identification and retrieval of colon biopsies from the Surgical Pathology Department was approved by the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center Institutional Review Board in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (#15027). The use of human colon biopsies was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board since only archived samples were accessed, samples were anonymized, and the risk to subjects was considered minimal. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
