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Authors
Lin, Min-Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-7085
Leu, Jyh-Der
Wu, Chun-Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-1692
Chen, Liang-Cheng
Lee, Yi-Jang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0340-7557
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Revised: 21 March 2026
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The animal protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (IACUC No. 1110601). The human tissue microarrays (BC041115e) used in this study were commercially purchased from US Biomax. According to the vendor’s ethical policies, all tissue samples were obtained under proper local ethical and legal standards, guaranteeing the confidentiality and safety of the donors. Furthermore, all patient identities and collection dates have been de-identified to protect privacy. There was no identifiable images from human research participant in this study.
