Shimokaze, Tomoyuki
Toyoshima, Katsuaki
Saito, Tomoko
Katsumata, Kaoru
Kemmotsu, Takahiro
Ishikawa, Hiroshi
Kurosawa, Kenji
Article History
Received: 29 June 2023
Revised: 16 September 2023
Accepted: 12 October 2023
First Online: 28 October 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The parents or guardians of infants admitted to the NICU were not required to give informed consent for the infants’ participation in the study because the analysis used anonymized clinical data that were obtained after the guardians of each patient agreed to treatment by providing their written consent. We also adopted an opt-out system and posted a summary of the study on the hospital’s website (ExternalRef removed).