Martinez, Stephanie https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8171-3442
Chen, Zhengyi
Di Fiore, Juliann M.
Nguyen, Christina
Minich, Nori M.
Hibbs, Anna Maria
Article History
Received: 8 July 2024
Revised: 9 December 2024
Accepted: 5 January 2025
First Online: 31 January 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Parental consent was obtained for the initial prospective Pre-Vent study. For this secondary analysis and additional chart review, the University Hospitals Institutional Review Board approved a waiver of consent.