Updates are available Correction dated 2025-08-05

Article History

Received: 29 August 2024

Revised: 28 December 2024

Accepted: 21 January 2025

First Online: 18 February 2025

Change Date: 1 August 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In this article Martin Mihula at affiliation ‘IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy’ and ‘Department of Medical Biotechnology, Universita` di Siena, Siena, Italy’ was missing from the author list. Affiliations have been rearranged to reflect the corrected author list. In the sentence beginning ‘The quality of raw sequencing data......’ in this article, the text should have read ‘The quality of raw sequencing data will be assessed using MultiQC (v1.11).27 Host contaminant reads (human DNA) will be filtered out using KneadData (v0.10.0) with Bowtie2 (v2.5.4)28 against the GRCh38 genome reference database. Taxonomic profiling will be performed using MetaPhlAn (v4.0.6), and functional profiling will be conducted using HUMAnN (v3.9). For downstream analysis, the QIIME2 platform (v2024.10) will be employed.29,30 Alpha and beta diversity metrics will be calculated with the qiime diversity core-metrics-phylogenetic command. Shannon Entropy will be used as representative metrics for alpha diversity, with Box and Whisker plots generated in GraphPad Prism (v10.2.3). BrayCurtis dissimilarity will be used as a representative metric for beta diversity, and a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) plot will be generated in R (v4.3.1) using the “ggplot2 ” library.’.

Change Date: 5 August 2025

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04318-0

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Written informed consent will be obtained from enrolled women and the fathers of enrolled neonates.