Zhou, Yanlin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9204-7951
Mendonça, Marina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-4891
Tsalacopoulos, Nicole https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-8685
Bartmann, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-3552
Darlow, Brian A.
Harris, Sarah L.
Horwood, John
Woodward, Lianne J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7790-1435
Anderson, Peter J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-868X
Doyle, Lex W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-7312
Cheong, Jeanie L. Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-0455
Kajantie, Eero https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-8391
Tikanmäki, Marjaana
Johnson, Samantha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-7881
Marlow, Neil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5890-2953
Nosarti, Chiara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-9710
Indredavik, Marit S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3860-5075
Evensen, Kari Anne I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-0164
Räikkönen, Katri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-3470
Heinonen, Kati
van der Pal, Sylvia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-9298
Wolke, Dieter https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-268X
Article History
Received: 21 December 2024
Revised: 10 March 2025
Accepted: 4 April 2025
First Online: 3 May 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable for the secondary data analyses. Trial registration and institutional review board (IRB) approval are not applicable to the current IPD meta-analysis. All studies included in this meta-analysis were independently registered by their original investigators and obtained ethical approvals specific to their respective countries and institutions.