Fleury, Elvira S.
Papandonatos, George D.
Manz, Katherine E.
Pennell, Kurt
Hall, Amber M.
Chen, Aimin
Buckley, Jessie P.
Yolton, Kimberly
Cecil, Kim M.
Lanphear, Bruce P.
Eaton, Charles B.
Walker, Douglas I.
Braun, Joseph M.
Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Revised: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 16 August 2025
Competing interests
: Joseph Braun was compensated for serving as an expert witness for plaintiffs in litigation related to PFAS-contaminated drinking water.
: The Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) and all delivery hospitals approved the study protocol. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Brown University deferred to the CCHMC IRB as the IRB of record. Women provided written informed consent for themselves and their children. Children provided written assent at the age 12 visit.